Americans have a long, sordid history with borrowed money. In Collateral Damaged: The Marketing of Consumer Debt to America, Charles Geisst, a professor of finance at Manhattan College, takes us through the centuries to explain how we wound up at our most recent — and spectacular — credit bubble. TIME’s Barbara Kiviat spoke with him

Which makes our most recent downturn worse?
Yes, absolutely. We’re out of proportion with our amount of personal debt. A good number of people are in debt to the point where they may not ever be able to pay their way out.

Why didn’t lenders better capitalize on our speculative bent sooner?
Our banking system was never national. In fact, it wasn’t even retail in the 19th or early 20th century. The banks that were capable of doing the most lending to individuals didn’t actually do it. We had to wait until Bank of America, for instance, got into business and a lot of the companies like Household Finance that started making consumer loans for this thing to actually warm up.

So going forward, how do we strike the right balance between the “democratization of credit” and the overextension of debt?
We have to go back to the notion of credit basics. In other words, to buy a house, you can’t borrow more than, let’s say, 2½ times your gross salary. We know the financial institutions are retrenching themselves right now. The question is, Has the consuming public learned anything from this? That’s the more difficult issue.

How do you think the new regulations for credit-card companies will change things?
Well, they’re going to tighten up some of the shoddy practices the credit-card companies have pulled off in the past. They seem to be taking notice of the GAO’s periodic reports about the credit-card companies’ practices — you know, misleading statements, using different font types, billing practices, hidden fees. It’s going to address most of those issues. My problem with it is it still doesn’t address the matter of interest rates. There’s got to be a cap, as far as I’m concerned.

You actually assign a lot of blame for our recent troubles on a lack of interest-rate caps — that is, on the absence of strict usury laws. Why?
Almost every state had usury laws in the 1920s, and they were circumvented one by one. Prohibitions against excessive interest started to disappear [South Dakota, for instance, loosened its laws in 1980], and once they did, the credit-card companies recognized a wonderful opportunity. They could charge as much as the market would bear, claiming that they had to charge more for bad credit risks. You can argue that’s the democratization of credit, but it’s in the interest of credit-card companies to keep people under the yoke. We’ve just swapped loan sharks for legitimate loan sharks.

So maybe there are some people who just shouldn’t have access to credit?
I think everyone should have access to credit in a very strict proportion to their income — not a future projection of their income, which is what we’ve been doing. It’s been, “I’m now making $50,000, but in a few years I’ll be making $150,000, so no big deal, let’s go buy an expensive house now.” This whole business of giving more credit than a person can service is not only foolish, but if you tried to do that 200 or 300 years ago, it would have been considered immoral as well. We don’t think that way anymore, but essentially it is, because that person is going to be in debt forever.

You talk about the need for a financial-products safety commission. What do you think of the proposal the Obama Administration has put out there?
In the outline form we’ve seen so far, it looks like a good idea. But as I say in the book, if the thing is created, it’s going to be barraged by new financial products from up above on Wall Street. They won’t know what hit them. So I think unless there is some sort of regulatory body that is going to play chess with Wall Street, a complimentary body that filters this stuff on the wholesale level before it becomes the consumer stuff, whoever is on that consumer-safety commission is going to get completely swamped.

A lot of your book is about the history of borrowing money. Any favorite episodes?
Well, it’s been a long road. During the Roman Empire, the first anti-usury law — and I think this says it all — was found in the Council of Nicea in the 4th century. It states that no clergyman could practice usury, so you can get a pretty good idea of what was going on then — lending to the flock. The odd part is, the Council of Nicea was also the council that confirmed the concept of the Trinity. Those are probably two of the most unlikely pieces of legislation you could find in the same piece of canon law.

Article from http://www.time.com

Over 40% of US families spend more than they earn.

The first payment-based debt for the average American gets incurred while still in high school.

Interest rates on department store cards can be as staggering as 33%.

Target is in the top 10 issuers of credit cards.

Over 173 Million Americans own at least one credit card.

The average rate for standard bank credit cards is around 19%

Only 2% of undergrads have no credit history

The average undergrad has $3,200 in credit card debt.

84% of college students have credit cards.

Med School graduates leave school with an average of $113K in debt.

Doctoral students amass another $29,000

On average, master’s degree students take on an additional $17,000 in student loans.

Half of all college graduates 4 or more credit cards

The average graduate student has $8,600 owing on his/her credit cards.

¾ of American households have multiple credit cards.

The average student amasses over $20,000 in student debt toward his/her first degree.

The average auto loan is $30,738, a 40% rise in the last 10 years.

Most auto loans are over 6 years in length.

This is double the loan term of a typical auto loan 25 years ago.

The average auto loan interest rate varies between 7% and 9%.

The average home mortgage costs around $240,000.

After 30 years of making payments, a homeowner with a $240,000 mortgage loan will have paid over $580,000 on his/her house.

Two-thirds of all American households own 2 or more automobiles.

Most Americans use loans to finance every vehicle they drive.

By age 60, the average American has 5 or more credit cards.

The average household in America with credit card debt is $10,637.

The median credit limit on family credit cards in America is $18,000.

Refinancing a mortgage is often an attempt to consolidate overwhelming debt from a variety of sources.

On average, about half of refinances result in a higher overall loan amount.

The average American has a total of 13 credit obligations right now.

Over a lifetime, the average American will pay over 600,000 in interest.

You pay your credit card off every month, but happened to miss an auto loan or an electric bill payment.  A single late payment on your credit report can trigger a rate increase.  It is called Universal Default.

0% APR is great, but if you miss a payment, it can revert to a default APR of up to 35%.  There is no going back to 0% after that.

Even when you think you made a payment on your due date, the deadline might be in the morning or afternoon, payments made by 2pm on the due date may still be considered late.

The highest fixed late fee charge is currently $39 but percentage based late fees can cost hundreds of dollars per charge depending on the balance.

Variable rates can change without notice, and even fixed rates can change with 15 days notice.  Your rates and fees can be changed for any reason at any time.

Two cycle billing will ensure your finance charges are much higher if you don’t pay your bill in full every month.

Out of the country?  Be prepared to add a 1%-3% fee to all purchases in addition to a 1% exchange rate fee.

Taking our a cash advance?  Be prepared for a high APR as well as a percentage fee.  Payments made will apply to the lowest APR first.  You will have to pay off the entire balance before paying off the high APR cash advance.

Low minimum payments may sound like a convenience, but the lower the payment, the longer you will have to pay, finance charges piling up every month.

If you transfer a balance to a new card, the limit on the new card may be changed so it’s actually lower than the balance transfer.  This results in a new card that is already maxed out.  The first time you use it, you go over your limit and fees are charged.

Once your credit starts turning south, you will get offers for cards with starting fees.  A card with a $300 limit may come loaded with a Program Fee of $96, an Annual Fee of $48, an account Set-up fee of $56, and a monthly Participation Fee of $8, but charged annualized at $96.  All of a sudden your $300 card has $296 already charged on it.  If you make a purchase over $4 you will be hit with a late fee and possible rate change.

So you have cut up your cards, great, but be prepared to be hit with an inactivity fee.

Now you are up to your eyeballs in debt.  Your cards are maxed out, the APRs are high, and the only new credit you can get is tiny and expensive!

A Lifetime of Debt .

The total liabilities of the United States government, including future social security and medicare payments that the U.S. government is already committed to pay out, now exceed 65 trillion dollars, which is more than the entire GDP of the whole world.

According to the 2008 Financial Report of the United States Government, an official United States government report, the U.S. actually had a budget deficit of 5.1 trillion dollars in 2008.

So why did the Congressional Budget Office report that the federal budget deficit was only 455 billion dollars (which is certainly a total disaster) in 2008?

The difference lies in accounting. The CBO’s figures are based on cash accounting, while the 2008 Financial Report of the United States Government is based on GAAP accounting. GAAP accounting is what is used by all the major firms on Wall Street and it is regarded as a much more accurate reflection of financial reality.

So why is there such a big difference?

Well, what the Congressional Budget Office does is some really bad accounting. When you pay social security taxes, the federal government takes that money and instead of putting it away to pay your social security benefits in the future, it takes that money and spends it however it wants.

So what about the future social security and medicare benefits that the government owes you?

There is no money there for those payments.

The government is using that money right now to make the budget look better.

That’s right, you have been conned.

And as bad as the numbers from 2008 look, they do not reflect any significant money from the monstrous financial bailouts that Congress has passed.

So 2009 is going to look MUCH worse.

Pretty picture, eh?

The reality is the the United States of America is a total financial disaster.

Already, 13 banks have already failed in 2009. All of the bailouts certainly don’t seem to be helping much yet.

But that doesn’t mean that the federal government is going to give up trying to help. It seems a new “bailout” or a new “stimulus” is being passed almost weekly now.

Instead of accepting the fact that we must adopt a lower standard of living and deal with the reality of our massive debt, the politicians are trying to crank up the debt spiral one more time.

All of this government spending will help the economy in the short term, but it will make the long term problems of the U.S. government far worse.

Who is going to buy all of this new government debt? China has doubts about who is going to buy all of America’s new debt. The reality is that the only way that the government can “bailout” anyone or pay for any “stimulus” bill is to borrow.

America borrows and borrows and borrows.

If your personal finances were like that, how do you think it would end?

Ah, you are starting to get the picture…..

The “American Dream” is becoming the “American Nightmare” and the politicians don’t have a clue.

What are you going to do when the economy collapses and everything you ever worked for starts coming apart?

It’s time for all of us to start thinking about what is truly important…..

Here’s a statistic that should give us all pause: The average credit card debt of seniors grew by 26% between 2005 and 2008, CreditCards.com reports. For the rest of us, the increase was a comparatively modest 3%.

Also, according to a study released in July 2009 by New York City-based Demos, a public policy group, consumers 65 and older carried $10,235 in average card debt last year. That is a lot.

that’s very troubling now that so many retirees are living on Social Security and no other savings, and face medical expenses despite government-run Medicare. The dreaded “doughnut hole” is just a drop in the bucket compared with the other potential health care-related demands on their money.

Many older folks are stretched thin. That’s true in better times, but now, because retirement savings for lots of people have shrunk, they’re turning to credit.

Medical expenses are a burden. The Demos study says, “Older households, those 65 and over, reported the highest amount of credit card debt due to medical expenses: $3,988.”
They’re victimized. Consider how vulnerable people who didn’t grow up in the computer age are to phishing and other forms of identity theft. Scammers love seniors. And then there’s all the “free” stuff that’s advertised as a way for unscrupulous companies to start billing your credit card.
What to do? Be on the lookout for signs that seniors you know are struggling. Yes, this is difficult. If you don’t have a close relationship that allows discussion of such things, you’re going to have to be very observant.

Are your parents suddenly living beyond their means?
Are their bills piling up on the kitchen table — unopened?
Are they using a credit card to purchase things they used to pay for with cash, like groceries?
How to proceed? If you can have a frank, respectful discussion, do so. If the topic would be unwelcome, enlist help from other family members or friends.

Excessive spending - With easy availability of credit over the past decade, the spending habits of Americans have skyrocketed. The old days of paying for something with cash are long gone and we now live in a society that borrows money to buy goods and services.

Medical Bills - My father always said that if you have your health then you have everything and that statement is more true today than ever. As unexpected medical expenses arise, people tend to shift their priorities from spending money on household necessities to health care. Late payments begin to accumulate and before you know it you’re receiving collection calls.

Your growing family - As you build your family, expenses don’t always correspond with your salary. As take home pay for Americans is stretched to accommodate more family members, many are forced to borrow to keep afloat.

Unemployment - We are in the biggest economic downturn since the Great Depression and unemployment is wreaking havoc on families. The lack of gainful employment is having a direct impact on people’s ability to pay their bills, forcing many families to go further into debt.

The unexpected - No one can ever plan for every contingency in life. While it is advisable to have at least 6 – 12 months of your current expenses in a liquid savings account, in today’s economy you might need an additional 6 or 9 months. It is not surprising that many Americans finance their unexpected or emergency expenses by borrowing.

To find out more about our debt services, call us toll free today at 888-833-8853 and find out how you can benefit from our debt settlement plan.

Did you know that you’re entitled to a free yearly credit report for all three credit reporting agencies?   There is a free website you can visit to request this free credit report once a year. At SettlementMax, we strongly encourage our clients to take advantage of this free valuable service.  Here is the link.  annualcreditreport.com