It is a common dilemma when one must decide if they should stop funding their retirement to focus on paying off debt.  There are very few circumstances where high interest or interest of 9%-12% debt shouldn’t be top priority.  Double digit interest is very difficult to deal with.  If you are dealing with high interest debt, it’s most likely because you haven’t been living within your means.

If we are able to get our interest rate down in to the single digits, we must decide if it is a good time to make retirement a priority or not.  If you decide to fund retirement, you stay in debt longer and pay more interest.

There are a couple other situations where investing may make sense. Consider the following:

First, you only have a specific limit per year that you can contribute to a Roth IRA. (This is currently $5,000 per year — $6,000 per year if you’re 50 or older.) Once you miss the window of availability, you’re out of luck. Your new contributions go toward the current year’s limit. You can’t go back and make up contributions you missed for the past two years once you are out of debt.

Second, if you don’t have the discipline to actually apply any new money to accelerate your progress on debt, then don’t halt your retirement. Decreasing your contributions only to spend the difference at *your vice of choice* may be the single dumbest financial move you can make.

There’s no single answer to this dilemma.

Everyone’s situation is different.  Consider all your options. Don’t continue making a certain decision just because it’s what you’re doing right now.

Start from a blank slate. Could you benefit from a singular focus? Are you willing to make further lifestyle cuts to increase you current contributions?  Examine your options and consider the choices.

People who know exactly how much they spend each month on groceries are twenty times less likely to be deep in debt than those who don’t know how much they have spent.  When we include dining out, vending machines and fast food into the list of food related purchases, we realize how much we are spending.  Prepackaged and ready to eat meals also end up costing a lot of money.  Eating is a necessity but there are many ways to noticeably reduce your food budget.

First of all, stop going out to eat.  Eating out is much more expensive than a meal that could have been prepared at home.  Do not buy frozen meals.  When you buy frozen food, you are spending way too much for way too little.  Try preparing your meals from scratch when you have some free time for the rest of the week.  Don’t buy meats that are already cut.  You are paying the supermarket to cut up the meat for you.  You can save a dollar per pound of meat by cutting it yourself.  You should of course make sure to compare supermarkets. One supermarkets may price items $1.00 $2.00 more or less than another supermarket.  Buy the generic brand products which are usually processed at the same plants as the name brand products.  When you buy a name brand product, much of the cost goes to the expensive of the product.  This can save you over $500.00 dollars in a year!  Buy fruits and vegetables when they are in season because the price will be significantly less.  Eating vegetarian meals once a week can save a family of four about $15.00 a week.  Use Coupons wisely. A lot of people use coupons just because they have one.

It took Montreal 30 years to pay off its Olympic debt of $2 billion, held in 1976!

At least one in 10 consumers has more than 10 credit cards in their wallets. That is equal to 304 tons of plastic or 61 Elephants!

Stop using your credit and debit cards immediately. Also stop taking other loans, either from banks or finance companies or friends or family. Stop getting into more debt.

SAVE! The most important step you can take, in the beginning, is to start a small savings account if you haven’t already. Begin depositing into it regularly, at least $100 per paycheck if you can. If you can’t find $100 then see the next step for how. Make it an automatic deposit, the first bill you pay each payday, because it is the most important! A savings account will help you smooth out your finances — when an emergency comes up, like your car breaking down or someone having to go to the hospital, you won’t be thrown back into debt. You will have some cash to pay for that emergency, and you can use your regular paycheck for regular expenses.

Discretionary spending. If you can’t find $100-200 to save per paycheck, then you need to cut some things from your spending. This is where tracking your spending comes in handy, but even if you don’t, you know some of the extras you spend on — cigarettes, coffee, snacks, candy, desserts, eating out, magazines, shopping for clothes or gadgets or toys or shoes, books, going out … these are just a few of the examples. I’m not saying you need to cut everything out, but if you can cut a few of them, or maybe just one at a time, that can add up. Then, take the money you didn’t spend on those discretionary items, and put that amount into savings each payday. Increase this over time.

Start a debt snowball. If you haven’t heard about debt snowballs, they’re simple. List out your debts and arrange them in order from smallest balance at the top to largest at the bottom. Then focus on the debt at the top, putting as much as you can into it, even if it’s just $40-50 extra (more would be better). When that amount is paid off, celebrate! Then take the total amount you were paying (say $70 minimum payment plus the $50 extra for a total of $120) and add that to the minimum payment of the next largest debt. Continue this process, with your extra amount snowballing as you go along, until you pay off all your debts. This could take several years, but it’s a very rewarding process, and very necessary.

Make a budget. I know, it’s a dreaded word for most of us. But it’s not that hard, and if you set it up right, it’s fairly simple. I recommend using a simple spreadsheet. List all your regular expenses (rent, car, utilities, internet, etc.) and their amounts, and then your variable expenses (groceries, gas, eating out, etc.), and then your irregular expenses (things like car maintenance or medical that might not come up every month, but break them into estimated monthly expenses — if you spend $600 a year on car maintenance, budget a $50 monthly expense). Now match that up against your income. The expenses should be less.

Automate your bills. Try to get your bills to be paid through automatic deduction. For those that can’t, use your banks online check system to make regular automatic payments. This way, all of your regular expenses in your budget are taken care of. Make sure that your savings is done the same way – automatic deduction.

Save for your irregular expenses. Some call it a freedom account but the key to ensuring that you have smooth finances and that you stick to your budget is to take into account all your irregular expenses, such as insurance, car maintenance or repairs, gifts (think Christmas!), medical and other such things. List them out, estimate your annual spending, and begin saving for them each month. Again, if you spend $600 on car repairs, budget $50 a month for that expense, and put that amount in savings. You could set up different accounts for each expense in an online bank or put it all in one account and use Money or Quicken or a spreadsheet to keep track of each. Then, and here’s the key, when these expenses come up, use that money for those expenses! That way, you can use your regular budget for the stuff it’s meant for, not for these “unexpected” expenses.

Use the envelope system for your variable expenses such as food and gas. This is optional, but it’s a good tip. I’ve been using it myself, and it works like a charm. Let’s say you set aside three amounts in your budget each payday — one for gas, one for groceries, one for eating out. Withdraw those amounts on payday, and put them in three separate envelopes. That way, you can easily track how much you have left for each of these expenses, and when you run out of money, you know it immediately. You don’t overspend in these categories. If you regularly run out too fast, you may need to rethink your budget.

Start thinking and planning your goals. When do you want to retire? How often do you want to travel? When do you want to buy that dream house? Do you want to save for your kids’ college education? Think about what you want in life, and start planning to save for them, especially once you’ve done all the above.

Impulse spending is a common problem that many people have. The first step in fixing this problem is to monitor your urges for about two weeks. Keeping a small notebook in your pocket and using it to tally every time an urge comes along to buy something can be very useful. Even if you decide not to purchase the item, it would be a good idea to keep track of the urges. The reason being is that these urges are commonly in our subconscious. If we record every time we have an urge to buy something, it will be our first step toward awareness which will allow us to take more control over our spending. After a month, we should revisit the list of items we were going to buy impulsively and see how many of those items we actually still want. If we have the money after that time period and still want the item, it is ok to purchase it now rather than on first impulse. It is a good idea to avoid shopping areas and malls because we will most likely make a purchase in this sort of an atmosphere. If shopping is a must, it would be a good idea to carry a list of what you need and stick to the list. It’s never a bad idea to go somewhere that impulse buying would not be as likely such as the park or the beach. Last but not least, when the urge hits, take a deep breath, become aware of the urge and take a drink of water. A quick break can actually help us overcome our urges.

Let’s take a look at how we have ended up so heavily in debt as a nation of consumers.

Easy credit

In the past, it was simply too easy for consumers to obtain credit.  Because credit was so easy to get, consumers figured out how to leverage their credit card rewards and balance transfer cards in order to make money. Many tried to perform credit card arbitrage by taking out cash advances and balance transfers from these cards, then investing the amounts into a rising stock market. This was one of those things you’d consider to be a “sign of the times.” Of course, things are different today, but the 2000s was a decade during which our debt ballooned due to these types of products. Subprime loans, jumbo mortgages and other forms of costly debt are inventions of our capitalistic society; these are high-risk financial tools which countless consumers have gambled with, often with dire results.

Need for instant gratification

As a society, we’re impatient. It’s ingrained in us to be able to get immediate access to the things we covet, even if we can’t really afford these things at the moment. We live in a highly consumerist society that encourages materialism and is not ashamed of excess. Have you seen just how huge the portions are served in most American restaurants? It’s all about more, more, more right now! So it’s often the case that funds that should wisely be funneled into highest interest savings account or into high yield savings are instead being used to keep up with the Joneses, a syndrome that many of us harbor, and which has caused many a household to fall into debt.

Lack of financial education

Personal finance isn’t given importance in schools. A lot of us don’t learn about finance while in school and instead are picking it up through experience and trial and error. Unfortunately, this lack of understanding and awareness about money management can make us vulnerable to making many financial mistakes, particularly those that land us in debt.

Lack of accountability

It’s too easy to procrastinate about our finances, go in denial or sweep things under the rug when we get into trouble. But also detrimental is when we can’t take responsibility for our own actions and mistakes. We blame the government or the financial industry for causing the rifts in our economy, but we’re just as guilty about causing the crisis as they are. Both lenders and borrowers contributed to the subprime lending boom, subsequent bust and credit crisis, but guess who’s getting the lion’s share of the blame?

Debt as a cultural phenomenon

In other cultures, debt is heavily frowned upon and is only gingerly used by households. But in America, debt is socially acceptable and ingrained in our culture; it carries no stigma. If bankruptcy, foreclosure, debt and being broke are things we easily accept in our culture and way of life, then these aren’t things we’d readily condemn (or worry about) until too late or until we’re forced to face the painful consequences.

When the economy blew up last year, it prompted the government to start making some changes; they’ve since introduced policies that help regulate the financial industry to some degree (e.g. credit card rules) but in many respects, it’s still pretty much “business as usual.” Instead of worrying about what the Fed or Obama is going to do next, we should focus on the things we have control over, and take responsibility for our own financial predicaments.

Before a new law of reforms becomes effective in February of 2010, Credit card companies are raising interest rates, penalties and fees. As of July, interest rates spiked an average of 20% across the board from December 2008 with some issuers raising the interest rates 30 and even 50 percent. When the Pew Health Group examined credit cards offered by the twelve largest banks, they found :

99.7 percent of bank cards allowed the issuer to raise interest rates on outstanding balances by changing the account agreement unilaterally – up from 93 percent in December 2008.

95 percent of bank cards allowed issuers to apply payments in a manner that the Federal Reserve found likely to cause substantial monetary injury to consumers.

90 percent of bank cards had penalty interest rates that could be triggered by late payments or overlimit transactions. All but 10 percent of these cards had penalty repricing terms that would qualify as “hair trigger” under Federal Reserve guidelines – triggers of one or two late payments in 12 months

99 percent of bank cards included a late fee – median $39.

80 percent of bank cards included an overlimit fee – median $39.

The median bank penalty interest rate was 28.99 percent. Most – 90 percent – penalty rate increases could continue indefinitely even if the cardholder resumes.

The first payment-based debt for the average American gets incurred while still in high school.

Interest rates on department store cards can be as staggering as 33%.

Target is in the top 10 issuers of credit cards.

Over 173 Million Americans own at least one credit card.

The average rate for standard bank credit cards is around 19%

Only 2% of undergrads have no credit history

The average undergrad has $3,200 in credit card debt.

84% of college students have credit cards.

Med School graduates leave school with an average of $113K in debt.

Doctoral students amass another $29,000

On average, master’s degree students take on an additional $17,000 in student loans.

Half of all college graduates 4 or more credit cards

The average graduate student has $8,600 owing on his/her credit cards.

¾ of American households have multiple credit cards.

The average student amasses over $20,000 in student debt toward his/her first degree.

The average auto loan is $30,738, a 40% rise in the last 10 years.

Most auto loans are over 6 years in length.

This is double the loan term of a typical auto loan 25 years ago.

The average auto loan interest rate varies between 7% and 9%.

The average home mortgage costs around $240,000.

After 30 years of making payments, a homeowner with a $240,000 mortgage loan will have paid over $580,000 on his/her house.

Two-thirds of all American households own 2 or more automobiles.

Most Americans use loans to finance every vehicle they drive.

By age 60, the average American has 5 or more credit cards.

The average household in America with credit card debt is $10,637.

The median credit limit on family credit cards in America is $18,000.

Refinancing a mortgage is often an attempt to consolidate overwhelming debt from a variety of sources.

On average, about half of refinances result in a higher overall loan amount.

The average American has a total of 13 credit obligations right now.

Over a lifetime, the average American will pay over 600,000 in interest.

You pay your credit card off every month, but happened to miss an auto loan or an electric bill payment.  A single late payment on your credit report can trigger a rate increase.  It is called Universal Default.

0% APR is great, but if you miss a payment, it can revert to a default APR of up to 35%.  There is no going back to 0% after that.

Even when you think you made a payment on your due date, the deadline might be in the morning or afternoon, payments made by 2pm on the due date may still be considered late.

The highest fixed late fee charge is currently $39 but percentage based late fees can cost hundreds of dollars per charge depending on the balance.

Variable rates can change without notice, and even fixed rates can change with 15 days notice.  Your rates and fees can be changed for any reason at any time.

Two cycle billing will ensure your finance charges are much higher if you don’t pay your bill in full every month.

Out of the country?  Be prepared to add a 1%-3% fee to all purchases in addition to a 1% exchange rate fee.

Taking our a cash advance?  Be prepared for a high APR as well as a percentage fee.  Payments made will apply to the lowest APR first.  You will have to pay off the entire balance before paying off the high APR cash advance.

Low minimum payments may sound like a convenience, but the lower the payment, the longer you will have to pay, finance charges piling up every month.

If you transfer a balance to a new card, the limit on the new card may be changed so it’s actually lower than the balance transfer.  This results in a new card that is already maxed out.  The first time you use it, you go over your limit and fees are charged.

Once your credit starts turning south, you will get offers for cards with starting fees.  A card with a $300 limit may come loaded with a Program Fee of $96, an Annual Fee of $48, an account Set-up fee of $56, and a monthly Participation Fee of $8, but charged annualized at $96.  All of a sudden your $300 card has $296 already charged on it.  If you make a purchase over $4 you will be hit with a late fee and possible rate change.

So you have cut up your cards, great, but be prepared to be hit with an inactivity fee.

Now you are up to your eyeballs in debt.  Your cards are maxed out, the APRs are high, and the only new credit you can get is tiny and expensive!

Here’s a statistic that should give us all pause: The average credit card debt of seniors grew by 26% between 2005 and 2008, CreditCards.com reports. For the rest of us, the increase was a comparatively modest 3%.

Also, according to a study released in July 2009 by New York City-based Demos, a public policy group, consumers 65 and older carried $10,235 in average card debt last year. That is a lot.

that’s very troubling now that so many retirees are living on Social Security and no other savings, and face medical expenses despite government-run Medicare. The dreaded “doughnut hole” is just a drop in the bucket compared with the other potential health care-related demands on their money.

Many older folks are stretched thin. That’s true in better times, but now, because retirement savings for lots of people have shrunk, they’re turning to credit.

Medical expenses are a burden. The Demos study says, “Older households, those 65 and over, reported the highest amount of credit card debt due to medical expenses: $3,988.”
They’re victimized. Consider how vulnerable people who didn’t grow up in the computer age are to phishing and other forms of identity theft. Scammers love seniors. And then there’s all the “free” stuff that’s advertised as a way for unscrupulous companies to start billing your credit card.
What to do? Be on the lookout for signs that seniors you know are struggling. Yes, this is difficult. If you don’t have a close relationship that allows discussion of such things, you’re going to have to be very observant.

Are your parents suddenly living beyond their means?
Are their bills piling up on the kitchen table — unopened?
Are they using a credit card to purchase things they used to pay for with cash, like groceries?
How to proceed? If you can have a frank, respectful discussion, do so. If the topic would be unwelcome, enlist help from other family members or friends.